Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an umbrella term used to signify a group of lung diseases that leads to airflow obstruction causing difficulty in breathing. The two most common medical conditions of this group are emphysema and bronchitis.

Symptoms

• Breathing difficulty
• Excessive production of mucus
• Wheezing
• Cough
• Restricted movement

COPD is usually caused by long-term exposure to noxious gases and particulate matter. However, excessive smoking may also result in this. Tobacco smoking is one of the prime risk factors, although studies reveal that it accounts for 35% of cases only. Another study reveals that half of the cases of COPD are caused by non-tobacco-related risks, like air pollution, occupational exposure to fumes or gases, and passive smoke inhalation. 

Risk factors for non-smokers

• Secondhand smoke – Passive smoking may also result in COPD in adults.
• Chemical or fumes exposure – Exposure to occupational hazards like dust, gas, and fumes is strongly linked to the risk of developing COPD. Continuous exposure may gradually damage the lungs also.
• Air pollution – Our respiratory system, and the lungs are more vulnerable to air pollutants. Continuous exposure to these pollutants can worsen pre-existing conditions like asthma. Outside polluted air can exacerbate the symptoms.
• Indoor air pollution – Still, in many parts of India, chulhas and biogas are widely being used which causes air pollution. Are you aware of the fact that burning one mosquito coil in a closed room can produce pollution levels comparable to 100 cigarettes?
• Genetic factors - The chances of contracting COPD increases for an individual if it runs in the family. 

COPD is not just confined to smokers but can happen to anyone. It can cause irreversible damage to the lungs, precaution and timely intervention are important to manage COPD.

If any individual experiences any symptoms or has been exposed to the risk factors, the next step is to diagnose the lungs. An early diagnosis is significant in the effective management of this chronic respiratory disease. A spirometer is a diagnostic device that measures the amount of air one can breathe in and out as well as the time it takes to exhale completely after one has taken a deep breath. 

Precautionary measures

• Stay away from second-hand smoke.
• Stay away from polluted areas where there’s a high concentration of pollutants and dust, toxic fumes, heavy exhaust fumes, and strong chemicals.
• Wear a mask, especially when exposed to fumes, smoke, or dust.
• Taking a flu vaccine against chest infection can help in avoiding complications.

(Disclaimer: The content on this site is for informational purposes only, and should not be taken as professional medical advice.  Always seek the guidance of your doctor or other health professionals for any questions you may have regarding your health or a medical condition.)