Every year as we near the end of festive season, the air quality sees a decline in most parts of the country particularly our national capital. in addition to outdoor air pollution, the air we breathe inside our homes is equally responsible for a staggering rise in respiratory symptoms, aggravation of pre-existing conditions, including threatening conditions like pneumonia.

Pneumonia is an infection in which the air sacs (alveoli) in one or both of the lungs become inflamed and may fill with fluid,” explained Dr. Rakesh Pandit, Senior Consultant & HOD, Internal Medicine, Aakash Healthcare. The alveoli are the basic functional units in the lungs that support function. When there is widespread inflammation in the air sacs, it can cause respiratory difficulties and make it extremely difficult for a person to breathe or perform basic respiratory activities. Although pneumonia is common, it can be fatal for those with a history of respiratory problems, young children, or seniors (65 and older).”

According to scientists, whether indoors or outside, pollution increases the risk of pneumonia and other severe respiratory disorders, as well as the danger of death.

Echoing similar views, Dr. Aakaar Kapoor, Founder & Designated Partner, City Imaging & Clinical Labs said, “Pollution not only increases the frequency of respiratory and flu-like infections (which, for those at risk, can lead to pneumonia), but it can also decrease the body's innate immune response. When an individual is exposed to various pollutants in the air, it causes significant inflammation in the lungs and respiratory system, impairs immune cell function that helps fight against and inflammation in the respiratory tract. With severe pollution levels, such as those experienced during the post-festival season, the filtering system of the respiratory tract and airways weakens, increasing the risk of developing significant lower-respiratory infections.”

“Symptoms may include fever, difficulty breathing, chest pain that is likely to get worse with coughing, sweating, muscle pain, chills, fatigue, loss of appetite, coughing up mucus or blood, nausea and vomiting, confusion in older adults among others.  Severe or untreated pneumonia can result in complications especially in young children, older adults, and those with suppressed or weakened immune system,” Dr. Manav Manchanda, Director & Head – Respiratory, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Asian Hospital, said.

Taking care of your respiratory health during pollution

Highlighting the important role of prevention, explained Dr. Rakesh Pandit said, “To cut down the effects of pollution and reduce complications like pneumonia and other respiratory symptoms, it's essential to follow necessary preventive measures.

Avoid going outdoors especially when the air quality index (AQI) levels are high. Children should avoid playing outdoors. If at all you need to go out, it is advisable to cover your mouth with a wet cloth to avoid inhaling mutants, diesel fumes and cold air. Besides, stay away from poorly ventilated and overcrowded places. Regular servicing of air conditioners is important as well. Also, vaccinations against pneumococcal and influenza are essential.”

Older adults and those suffering from preexisting conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes should keep their BP and blood sugar levels under control because with poorly controlled conditions. they are more vulnerable to pneumonia and chest infections.

Lastly, avoid smoking, be it active or passive and practice good health hygiene, boost your immunity.